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affinity 音标拼音: [əf'ɪnəti] [əf'ɪnɪti] n. 吸引力,共鸣;亲密关系,相似之处 吸引力,共鸣;亲密关系,相似之处 affinity相似 affinity相似 affinity n 1: ( immunology) the attraction between an antigen and an antibody 2: ( anthropology) kinship by marriage or adoption; not a blood relationship [ ant: { blood kinship}, { cognation}, { consanguinity}] 3: ( biology) state of relationship between organisms or groups of organisms resulting in resemblance in structure or structural parts; " in anatomical structure prehistoric man shows close affinity with modern humans" [ synonym: { affinity}, { phylogenetic relation}] 4: a close connection marked by community of interests or similarity in nature or character; " found a natural affinity with the immigrants"; " felt a deep kinship with the other students"; " anthropology' s kinship with the humanities" [ synonym: { affinity}, { kinship}] 5: the force attracting atoms to each other and binding them together in a molecule; " basic dyes have an affinity for wool and silk" [ synonym: { affinity}, { chemical attraction}] 6: inherent resemblance between persons or things 7: a natural attraction or feeling of kinship; " an affinity for politics"; " the mysterious affinity between them"; " James' s affinity with Sam" Affinity \ Af* fin" i* ty\, n.; pl. { Affinities}. [ OF. afinit[' e], F. affinit[' e], L. affinites, fr. affinis. See { Affined}.] [ 1913 Webster] 1. Relationship by marriage ( as between a husband and his wife' s blood relations, or between a wife and her husband' s blood relations); -- in contradistinction to consanguinity, or relationship by blood; -- followed by with, to, or between. [ 1913 Webster] Solomon made affinity with Pharaoh. -- 1 Kings iii. 1. [ 1913 Webster] 2. Kinship generally; close agreement; relation; conformity; resemblance; connection; as, the affinity of sounds, of colors, or of languages. [ 1913 Webster] There is a close affinity between imposture and credulity. -- Sir G. C. Lewis. [ 1913 Webster] 2. Companionship; acquaintance. [ Obs.] [ 1913 Webster] About forty years past, I began a happy affinity with William Cranmer. -- Burton. [ 1913 Webster] 4. ( Chem.) That attraction which takes place, at an insensible distance, between the heterogeneous particles of bodies, and unites them to form chemical compounds; chemism; chemical or elective affinity or attraction. [ 1913 Webster] 5. ( Nat. Hist.) A relation between species or higher groups dependent on resemblance in the whole plan of structure, and indicating community of origin. [ 1913 Webster] 6. ( Spiritualism) A superior spiritual relationship or attraction held to exist sometimes between persons, esp. persons of the opposite sex; also, the man or woman who exerts such psychical or spiritual attraction. [ 1913 Webster]
Attraction \ At* trac" tion\, n. [ L. attractio: cf. F. attraction.] 1. ( Physics) An invisible power in a body by which it draws anything to itself; the power in nature acting mutually between bodies or ultimate particles, tending to draw them together, or to produce their cohesion or combination, and conversely resisting separation. [ 1913 Webster] Note: Attraction is exerted at both sensible and insensible distances, and is variously denominated according to its qualities or phenomena. Under attraction at sensible distances, there are, -- ( 1.) { Attraction of gravitation}, which acts at all distances throughout the universe, with a force proportional directly to the product of the masses of the bodies and inversely to the square of their distances apart. ( 2.) { Magnetic}, { diamagnetic}, and { electrical attraction}, each of which is limited in its sensible range and is polar in its action, a property dependent on the quality or condition of matter, and not on its quantity. Under attraction at insensible distances, there are, -- ( 1.) { Adhesive attraction}, attraction between surfaces of sensible extent, or by the medium of an intervening substance. ( 2.) { Cohesive attraction}, attraction between ultimate particles, whether like or unlike, and causing simply an aggregation or a union of those particles, as in the absorption of gases by charcoal, or of oxygen by spongy platinum, or the process of solidification or crystallization. The power in adhesive attraction is strictly the same as that of cohesion. ( 3.) { Capillary attraction}, attraction causing a liquid to rise, in capillary tubes or interstices, above its level outside, as in very small glass tubes, or a sponge, or any porous substance, when one end is inserted in the liquid. It is a special case of cohesive attraction. ( 4.) { Chemical attraction}, or { affinity}, that peculiar force which causes elementary atoms, or groups of atoms, to unite to form molecules. [ 1913 Webster] 2. The act or property of attracting; the effect of the power or operation of attraction. -- Newton. [ 1913 Webster] 3. The power or act of alluring, drawing to, inviting, or engaging; an attractive quality; as, the attraction of beauty or eloquence. [ 1913 Webster] 4. That which attracts; an attractive object or feature. [ 1913 Webster] Syn: Allurement; enticement; charm. [ 1913 Webster] 212 Moby Thesaurus words for " affinity": a thing for, accord, accordance, addition, adduction, adjunct, affairs, affiliation, agape, agreement, alikeness, alliance, allurement, amity, analogy, approximation, aptitude, aptness, assemblage, assent, association, attractance, attraction, attractiveness, attractivity, bag, bent, bias, bond, bonds of harmony, brotherly love, capillarity, capillary attraction, caritas, cast, cement of friendship, centripetal force, charity, chorus, chosen kind, chumminess, closeness, coherence, coincidence, combination, communion, community, community of interests, comparison, compatibility, conatus, concert, concord, concordance, conduciveness, conformance, conformation, conformity, congeneracy, congeniality, congruence, congruency, congruity, connateness, connaturality, connaturalness, connature, connectedness, connection, consistency, consonance, consort, contiguity, contrariety, cooperation, correspondence, cup of tea, dealings, deduction, delight, diathesis, disjunction, disposition, drag, draw, druthers, eagerness, empathy, equivalence, esprit, esprit de corps, familiarity, family connection, family favor, family likeness, fancy, fascination, favor, feeling for, feeling of identity, fellow feeling, fellowship, filiation, fondness, frictionlessness, friendliness, generic resemblance, good vibes, good vibrations, gravitation, gravity, happy family, harmony, homology, identity, inclination, inseparableness, intercourse, intersection, intimacy, intimate acquaintance, junction, kinship, leaning, liability, liaison, like- mindedness, liking, link, linkage, linking, love, magnetism, marital affinity, marriage connection, marriage relationship, mateyness, mutual affinity, mutual attraction, mutuality, nearness, oneness, overlap, palliness, parallelism, partiality, particular choice, peace, penchant, personal choice, predilection, predisposition, preference, prejudice, prepossession, probability, proclivity, proneness, propensity, propinquity, proximity, pull, pulling power, rapport, rapprochement, readiness, reciprocity, relatedness, relation, relations, relationship, resemblance, self- consistency, semblance, sensitivity to, sharing, similarity, simile, similitude, soft spot, solidarity, special affinity, style, susceptibility, symmetry, sympathy, symphony, sync, synchronism, tally, taste, team spirit, tendency, thing, tie, tie- in, timing, traction, tropism, tug, turn, twist, type, understanding, uniformity, union, unison, unisonance, unity, warp, weakness, willingnessAffinity relationship by alliance ( 2 Chr. 18: 1) or by marriage ( 1 Kings 3: 1). Marriages are prohibited within certain degrees of affinity, enumerated Lev. 18: 6- 17. Consanguinity is relationship by blood. AFFINITY. A connexion formed by marriage, which places the husband in thesame degree of nominal propinquity to the relations of the wife, as that inwhich she herself stands towards them, and gives to the wife the samereciprocal connexion with the relations of the husband. It is used incontradistinction to consanguinity. ( q. v.) It is no real kindred. 2. Affinity or alliance is very different from kindred. Kindred arerelations. by blood; affinity is the tie which exists between one of thespouses with the kindred of the other; thus, the relations, of my wife, herbrothers, her sisters, her uncles, are allied to me by affinity, and mybrothers, sisters, & c., are allied in the same way to my wife. But mybrother and the sister of my wife are not allied by the ties of affinity: This will appear by the following paradigms My wife' s father ---| | | | | -----------------| | | | |-- are all allied to me. Ego ----- My Wife My wife' s sister ---| | | My wife' s niece ---| My wife' s father ---| My Father | | | My brother | | | | and my wife' s | | | | sister are |---------------| |----------| | not allied | | | | | to each otherMy brother Ego ---- My wife, My wife' s sister | 3. A person cannot, by legal succession, receive an inheritance from arelation by affinity; neither does it extend to the nearest relations ofhusband and wife, so as to create a mutual relation between them. Thedegrees of affinity are computed in the same way as those of consanguinity. See Pothier, Traite du Mariage, part 3, ch. 3, art. 2, and see 5 M. R. 296; Inst. 1, 10, 6; Dig. 38, 10, 4, 3; 1 Phillim. R. 210; S. C. 1 Eng. Eccl. R. 72; article Marriage.
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