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case 音标拼音: [k'es] n. 情形,情况,箱,装箱,事实,病例,案例,框子
vt. 装箱,包围 情形,情况,箱,装箱,事实,病例,案例,框子装箱,包围 case字体; 大小写字体 case案例 外壳 case n 1: an occurrence of something; " it was a case of bad judgment"; " another instance occurred yesterday"; " but there is always the famous example of the Smiths" [ synonym: { case}, { instance}, { example}] 2: a special set of circumstances; " in that event, the first possibility is excluded"; " it may rain in which case the picnic will be canceled" [ synonym: { event}, { case}] 3: a comprehensive term for any proceeding in a court of law whereby an individual seeks a legal remedy; " the family brought suit against the landlord" [ synonym: { lawsuit}, { suit}, { case}, { cause}, { causa}] 4: the actual state of things; " that was not the case" 5: a portable container for carrying several objects; " the musicians left their instrument cases backstage" 6: a person requiring professional services; " a typical case was the suburban housewife described by a marriage counselor" 7: a person who is subjected to experimental or other observational procedures; someone who is an object of investigation; " the subjects for this investigation were selected randomly"; " the cases that we studied were drawn from two different communities" [ synonym: { subject}, { case}, { guinea pig}] 8: a problem requiring investigation; " Perry Mason solved the case of the missing heir" 9: a statement of facts and reasons used to support an argument; " he stated his case clearly" 10: the quantity contained in a case [ synonym: { case}, { caseful}] 11: nouns or pronouns or adjectives ( often marked by inflection) related in some way to other words in a sentence [ synonym: { case}, { grammatical case}] 12: a specific state of mind that is temporary; " a case of the jitters" 13: a person of a specified kind ( usually with many eccentricities); " a real character"; " a strange character"; " a friendly eccentric"; " the capable type"; " a mental case" [ synonym: { character}, { eccentric}, { type}, { case}] 14: a specific size and style of type within a type family [ synonym: { font}, { fount}, { typeface}, { face}, { case}] 15: an enveloping structure or covering enclosing an animal or plant organ or part [ synonym: { sheath}, { case}] 16: the housing or outer covering of something; " the clock has a walnut case" [ synonym: { shell}, { case}, { casing}] 17: the enclosing frame around a door or window opening; " the casings had rotted away and had to be replaced" [ synonym: { casing}, { case}] 18: ( printing) the receptacle in which a compositor has his type, which is divided into compartments for the different letters, spaces, or numbers; " for English, a compositor will ordinarily have two such cases, the upper case containing the capitals and the lower case containing the small letters" [ synonym: { case}, { compositor' s case}, { typesetter' s case}] 19: bed linen consisting of a cover for a pillow; " the burglar carried his loot in a pillowcase" [ synonym: { case}, { pillowcase}, { slip}, { pillow slip}] 20: a glass container used to store and display items in a shop or museum or home [ synonym: { case}, { display case}, { showcase}, { vitrine}] v 1: look over, usually with the intention to rob; " They men cased the housed" 2: enclose in, or as if in, a case; " my feet were encased in mud" [ synonym: { encase}, { incase}, { case}] Case \ Case\, n. [ F. cas, fr. L. casus, fr. cadere to fall, to happen. Cf. { Chance}.] 1. Chance; accident; hap; opportunity. [ Obs.] [ 1913 Webster] By aventure, or sort, or cas. -- Chaucer. [ 1913 Webster] 2. That which befalls, comes, or happens; an event; an instance; a circumstance, or all the circumstances; condition; state of things; affair; as, a strange case; a case of injustice; the case of the Indian tribes. [ 1913 Webster] In any case thou shalt deliver him the pledge. -- Deut. xxiv. 13. [ 1913 Webster] If the case of the man be so with his wife. -- Matt. xix. 10. [ 1913 Webster] And when a lady' s in the case You know all other things give place. -- Gay. [ 1913 Webster] You think this madness but a common case. -- Pope. [ 1913 Webster] I am in case to justle a constable, -- Shak. [ 1913 Webster] 3. ( Med. & Surg.) A patient under treatment; an instance of sickness or injury; as, ten cases of fever; also, the history of a disease or injury. [ 1913 Webster] A proper remedy in hypochondriacal cases. -- Arbuthnot. [ 1913 Webster] 4. ( Law) The matters of fact or conditions involved in a suit, as distinguished from the questions of law; a suit or action at law; a cause. [ 1913 Webster] Let us consider the reason of the case, for nothing is law that is not reason. -- Sir John Powell. [ 1913 Webster] Not one case in the reports of our courts. -- Steele. [ 1913 Webster] 5. ( Gram.) One of the forms, or the inflections or changes of form, of a noun, pronoun, or adjective, which indicate its relation to other words, and in the aggregate constitute its declension; the relation which a noun or pronoun sustains to some other word. [ 1913 Webster] Case is properly a falling off from the nominative or first state of word; the name for which, however, is now, by extension of its signification, applied also to the nominative. -- J. W. Gibbs. [ 1913 Webster] Note: Cases other than the nominative are oblique cases. Case endings are terminations by which certain cases are distinguished. In old English, as in Latin, nouns had several cases distinguished by case endings, but in modern English only that of the possessive case is retained. [ 1913 Webster] { Action on the case} ( Law), according to the old classification ( now obsolete), was an action for redress of wrongs or injuries to person or property not specially provided against by law, in which the whole cause of complaint was set out in the writ; -- called also { trespass on the case}, or simply { case}. { All a case}, a matter of indifference. [ Obs.] " It is all a case to me." -- L' Estrange. { Case at bar}. See under { Bar}, n. { Case divinity}, casuistry. { Case lawyer}, one versed in the reports of cases rather than in the science of the law. { Case stated} or { Case agreed on} ( Law), a statement in writing of facts agreed on and submitted to the court for a decision of the legal points arising on them. { A hard case}, an abandoned or incorrigible person. [ Colloq.] { In any case}, whatever may be the state of affairs; anyhow. { In case}, or { In case that}, if; supposing that; in the event or contingency; if it should happen that. " In case we are surprised, keep by me." -- W. Irving. { In good case}, in good condition, health, or state of body. { To put a case}, to suppose a hypothetical or illustrative case. Syn: Situation, condition, state; circumstances; plight; predicament; occurrence; contingency; accident; event; conjuncture; cause; action; suit. [ 1913 Webster]
Case \ Case\ ( k[= a] s), n. [ OF. casse, F. caisse ( cf. It. cassa), fr. L. capsa chest, box, case, fr. capere to take, hold. See { Capacious}, and cf. 4th { Chase}, { Cash}, { Enchase}, 3d { Sash}.] [ 1913 Webster] 1. A box, sheath, or covering; as, a case for holding goods; a case for spectacles; the case of a watch; the case ( capsule) of a cartridge; a case ( cover) for a book. [ 1913 Webster] 2. A box and its contents; the quantity contained in a box; as, a case of goods; a case of instruments. [ 1913 Webster] 3. ( Print.) A shallow tray divided into compartments or " boxes" for holding type. [ 1913 Webster] Note: Cases for type are usually arranged in sets of two, called respectively the upper and the lower case. The { upper case} contains capitals, small capitals, accented and marked letters, fractions, and marks of reference: the { lower case} contains the small letters, figures, marks of punctuation, quadrats, and spaces. [ 1913 Webster] 4. An inclosing frame; a casing; as, a door case; a window case. [ 1913 Webster] 5. ( Mining) A small fissure which admits water to the workings. -- Knight. [ 1913 Webster]
Case \ Case\, v. t. [ imp. & p. p. { Cased}; p. pr. & vb. n. { Casing}.] 1. To cover or protect with, or as with, a case; to inclose. [ 1913 Webster] The man who, cased in steel, had passed whole days and nights in the saddle. -- Prescott. [ 1913 Webster] 2. To strip the skin from; as, to case a box. [ Obs.] [ 1913 Webster]
Case \ Case\, v. i. To propose hypothetical cases. [ Obs.] " Casing upon the matter." -- L' Estrange. [ 1913 Webster] 583 Moby Thesaurus words for " case": Bible truth, Smyth sewing, abessive, ablative, absolute fact, accepted fact, accusative, action, actual fact, adessive, admitted fact, afghan, alien, allative, ammunition box, anyhow, anyway, apoplectic, approximative, argument, argumentum, ark, arthritic, article, ascender, aspect, at all events, attache case, axiom, back, backing, bag, bald fact, bandolier, bare fact, bark, barrel, basis, basket, bastard type, beard, bearings, bed linen, bedclothes, bedcover, bedding, bedsheet, bedspread, belly, bevel, bibliopegy, billfold, bin, binder board, binding, black letter, blanket, body, book cloth, book cover, book jacket, bookbinding, bookcase, boot, bottle, box, box up, bran, briefcase, brutal fact, buffalo robe, bug, bunker, burden, cadre, caisson, calf love, can, canister, canvass, cap, capital, capsula, capsule, cardcase, carton, case in point, casemaking, casement, casing, casing- in, cask, casket, cause, cause in court, cedar chest, chaff, chapter, character, chassis, check over, check up, chest, cigarette case, circumstance, cist, citation, clothes, coffer, coffin, cold fact, collating, collating mark, come what may, comfort, comforter, common case, compact, con, conceded fact, concern, condition, cone, cons, consideration, consumptive, container, containerize, contour sheet, corn shuck, cornhusk, count, counter, counterpane, cover, covering, coverlet, coverlid, crackpot, crank, crate, crib, cross reference, crush, dative, datum, delative, demonstrable fact, demonstration, descender, detail, dinkum oil, dispatch box, dispute, doorframe, duck, dust cover, dust jacket, dyspeptic, eccentric, eiderdown, elative, element, elenchus, em, emblem, embox, embrace, empirical fact, en, encapsulate, encase, encasement, encyst, enfold, enshroud, envelop, envelope, enwrap, epileptic, episode, essence, essive, established fact, estate, etui, event, eventuality, examine, example, exemplar, exemplification, explanation, exponent, fabric, face, facet, fact, fact of experience, factor, fanatic, fat- faced type, feet, file, file folder, filing box, fitted sheet, fix, focus of attention, focus of interest, folding, folio, font, footband, footing, for fear of, for fear that, frame, framework, framing, gathering, genitive, gist, given fact, gluing- off, gospel, gospel truth, groove, hamper, happening, hard binding, hard fact, head, headband, heading, hermit, hobo, holder, holster, hope chest, housewife, how it is, how things are, hull, husk, hussy, hutch, if, ignoratio elenchi, illative, illustration, in any case, in any event, in case, incident, incidental, incurable, indisputable fact, inescapable fact, inessive, infatuation, inpatient, inspect, instance, instrumental, invalid, invest, issue, italic, item, jacket, jam, jar, judicial process, kit, kook, lap, lap robe, lative, lattice, latticework, lawsuit, legal action, legal case, legal proceedings, legal process, legal remedy, lest, letter, letter file, library binding, ligature, like it is, linen, lining, lining- up, litigation, living issue, local case, location, locative, logotype, lone wolf, loner, lot, lower case, main point, majuscule, make a reconnaissance, mash, matter, matter in hand, matter of fact, maverick, meat, mechanical binding, meshuggenah, minor detail, minuscule, minutia, minutiae, modality, mode, monstrance, motif, motive, naked fact, natural, nick, niggerhead, nominative, nonconformist, not guesswork, not opinion, nut, object lesson, objective case, oblique case, occasion, occurrence, odd fellow, oddball, oddity, order, original, ostensorium, outpatient, outsider, pack, package, packet, packing case, palea, parcel, pariah, particular, pash, pass, passing fancy, patchwork quilt, patient, peel, peep, perfect binding, perlative, pi, pica, pickle, picture frame, pillbox, pillow slip, pillowcase, place, plaidoyer, plain, plastic binding, play the spy, plea, pleading, plight, pod, point, point at issue, point in question, portfolio, position, positive fact, possessive case, postulate, posture, pot, powder box, predicament, prepositional, print, problem, proceedings, pros, pros and cons, prosecution, protection, provable fact, puppy love, put under surveillance, queer duck, queer fish, queer specimen, question, quilt, quiver, quiz, quotation, rack, rank, rara avis, reason, receptacle, reconnoiter, reference, refutation, regard, relevant instance, reliquary, repair, representative, respect, revealed truth, rheumatic, rind, robe, roman, rounding, rubric, rug, sack, saddle stitching, salient fact, sample, sampling, sans serif, sarcophagus, sash, scabbard, scout, scout out, screwball, script, self- evident fact, sewing, shank, shape, sheath, sheathe, sheathing, sheet, sheeting, shell, shoulder, shroud, shuck, shut- in, sick person, side sewing, signature, significant fact, simple fact, situation, skeleton, skin, skippet, slip, slipcase, slipcover, slough, small cap, small capital, smashing, smother, snuffbox, sober fact, socket, soft binding, solitary, spastic, special pleading, specimen, spectacle case, spiral binding, spook, spot, spread, spy, spy out, stake out, stamp, stamping, standing, stapling, state, station, status, stem, stubborn fact, study, subject, subject case, subject matter, subject of thought, sublative, sufferer, suit, suit at law, suitcase, superessive, surround, swaddle, swathe, symbol, tailband, talking point, tank, tea chest, terminal case, terminative, text, the absolute truth, the case, the exact truth, the hard truth, the honest truth, the intrinsic truth, the naked truth, the nitty- gritty, the plain truth, the sick, the simple truth, the sober truth, the stern truth, the truth, the unalloyed truth, the unqualified truth, the unvarnished truth, theme, thing, till, tin, tinderbox, tipping, topic, tramp, translative, trimming, trunk, type, type body, type class, type lice, typecase, typeface, typefounders, typefoundry, typical example, undeniable fact, upper case, valetudinarian, vanity case, vasculum, vet, victim, view, vocative, wallet, watch, well- known fact, window case, window frame, wire stitching, wrap, wrap about, wrap up, wrapper, zealot, zombie1. {switch statement}.
2. Whether a character is a capital letter ("upper
case" - ABC..Z) or a small letter ("lower case" - abc..z).
The term case comes from the printing trade when the use of
moving type was invented in the early Middle Ages (Caxton or
Gutenberg?) and the letters for each {font} were stored in a
box with two sections (or "cases"), the upper case was for the
capital letters and the lower case was for the small letters.
The Oxford Universal Dictionary of Historical Principles (Feb
1993, reprinted 1952) indicates that this usage of "case" (as
the box or frame used by a compositor in the printing trade)
was first used in 1588.
(1996-03-01)
Computer Aided Software EngineeringCASE practice. A contested question before a court of justice, a suit or action, a cause. 9 Wheat. 738.
CASE, remedies. This is the name of an action in very general use, which lies where a party sues for damages for any wrong or cause of complaint to which covenant or trespass will not lie. Steph. Pl. 153 Wodd. 167 Ham. N. P. 1. Vide Writ of trespass on the case. In its most comprehensive signification, case includes assumpsit as well as an action in form ex delicto; but when simply mentioned, it is usually understood to mean an action in form ex delicto. 7 T. R. 36. It is a liberal action; Burr, 906, 1011 1 Bl. Rep. 199; bailable at common law. 2 Barr 927- 8; founded on the justice and conscience of the Tiff' s case, and is in the nature of a bill in equity 3 Burr, 1353, 1357 and the substance of a count in case is the damage assigned. 1 Bl. Rep. 200. 2. An action on the case lies to recover damages for torts not committed with force actual or implied, or having been occasioned by force, where the matter affected was not tangible, or where the injury was not immediate but consequential; 11 Mass. 59, 137 1 Yeates, 586; 6 S. & R. 348; 12 S. & R. 210; 18 John. 257 19 John. 381; 6 Call, 44; 2 Dana, 378 1 Marsh. 194; 2 H. & M. 423; Harper, 113; Coxe, 339; or where the interest in the property was only in reversion. 8 Pick. 235; 7 Conn. 3282 Green, 8 1 John. 511; 3 Hawks, 2462 Murph. 61; 2 N. H. Rep. 430. In these several cases trespass cannot be sustained. 4 T. 11. 489 7 T. R. 9. Case is also the proper remedy for a wrongful act done under legal process regularly issuing from a court of competent jurisdiction. 2 Conn. 700 11 Mass. 500 6 Greenl. 421; 1 Bailey, 441, 457; 9 Conn. 141; 2 Litt. 234; 3 Conn. 5373 Gill & John. 377. Vide Regular and irregular process. 3. It will be proper to consider, 1. in what cases the action of trespass on the case lies; 2. the pleadings 3. the evidence; 4. the judgment. 4.- 1. This action lies for injuries, 1. to the absolute rights of persons 2. to the relative rights of persons; 3. to personal property; 4. to real property. 5.- 1. When the injury has been done to the absolute rights of persons by an act not immediate but consequential, as in the case of special damages arising from a public nuisance Willes, 71 to 74 or where an incumbrance had been placed in a public street, and the plaintiff passing there received an injury; or for a malicious prosecution. See malicious prosecution. 6.- 2. For injuries to the relative rights, as for enticing away an infant child, per quod servitium amisit, 4 Litt. 25; for criminal conversation, seducing or harboring wives; debauching daughters, but in this case the daughter must live with her father as his servant, see Seduction; or enticing away or harboring apprentices or servants. 1 Chit. Pl. 137 2 Chit. Plead. 313, 319. When the seduction takes place in the husband' s or father' s house, he may, at his election, have trespass or case; 6 Munf. 587; Gilmer, but when the injury is done in the house of another, case is the proper remedy. 5 Greenl. 546. 7.- 3. When the injury to personal property is without force and. not immediate, but consequential, or when the plaintiff Is right to it is in reversion, as, where property is injured by a third person while in the hands of a hirer; 3 Camp. 187; 2 Murph. 62; 3 Hawks, 246, case is the proper remedy. 8 East, 693; Ld. Raym. 1399; Str. 634; 1 Chit. Pl. 138. 8.- 4. When the real property which has been injured is corporeal, and the injury is not immediate but consequential, as for example, putting a spout so near the plaintiff' s land that the water runs upon it; 1 Chit. Pl. 126, 141; Str. 634; or where the plaintiff' s property is only in reversion. When the injury has been done to, incorporeal rights, as for obstructing a private way, or disturbing a party in the use of a pew, or for injury to a franchise, as a ferry, and the like, case is the proper remedy. l Chit. Pl. 143. 9.- 2. The declaration in case, technically so called, differs from a declaration in trespass, chiefly in this, that in case, it must not, in general, state the injury to have been committed vi et armis; 3 Conn. 64; see 2 Ham. 169; 11 Mass. 57; Coxe, 339; yet after verdict, the words " with force and arms" will, be rejected as surplusage; Harp. 122; and it ought not to conclude contra pacem. Com. Dig. Action on the Case, C 3. The plea is usually the general issue, not guilty. 10.- 3. Any matter may, in general, be given in evidence, under the plea of not guilty, except the statute of limitations. In cases of slander and a few other instances, however, this cannot be done. 1 Saund. 130, n. 1; Wilies, 20. When the plaintiff declares in case, with averments appropriate to that form of action and the evidence shows that the injury was trespass; or when he declares in trespass, and the evidence proves an injury for which case will lie, and not trespass, the defendant should be acquitted by the jury, or the plaintiff should be nonsuited. 5 Mass. 560; 16 Mass. 451; Coxe, 339; 3 John. 468. 11.- 4. The judgment is, that the plaintiff recover a sum of money, ascertained by a jury, for his damages sustained by the committing of the grievances complained of in the declaration, and costs. 12. In the civil law, an action was given in all cases of nominate contracts, which was always of the same name. But in innominate contracts, which had always the same consideration, but not the same name, there could be no action of the same denomination, but an action which arose from the fact, in factum, or an action with a form which arose from the particular circumstance, praescriptis verbis actio. Lec. Elem. Sec. 779. Vide, generally, Bouv. Inst. Index, h. t.
CASE, STATED, practice. An agreement in writing, between a plaintiff and defendant, that the facts in dispute between them are as there agreed upon and mentioned, 3 Whart. 143. 2. The facts being thus ascertained, it is left for the court to decide for which party is the law. As no writ of error lies on a judgment rendered on a case stated, Dane' s Ab. c. 137, art. 4, n. Sec. 7, it is usual in the agreement to insert a clause that the case stated shall be considered in the nature of special verdict. 3. In that case, a writ of error lies on the judgment which may be rendered upon it. And a writ of error will also lie on a judgment on a case stated, when the parties have agreed to it. 8 Serg. & Rawle, 529. 4. In another sense, by a case stated is understood a statement of all the facts of a case, together with the names of the witnesses, and, a detail of the documents which are to support them. In other words, it is a brief. ( q. v.)
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