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serf    音标拼音: [s'ɚf]
n. 农奴,奴隶,服苦役的人

农奴,奴隶,服苦役的人

serf
n 1: (Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned
by the feudal lord [synonym: {serf}, {helot}, {villein}]

Serf \Serf\, n. [F., fr. L. serus servant, slave; akin to
servare to protect, preserve, observe, and perhaps
originally, a client, a man under one's protection. Cf.
{Serve}, v. t.]
A servant or slave employed in husbandry, and in some
countries attached to the soil and transferred with it, as
formerly in Russia.
[1913 Webster]

In England, at least from the reign of Henry II, one
only, and that the inferior species [of villeins],
existed . . . But by the customs of France and Germany,
persons in this abject state seem to have been called
serfs, and distinguished from villeins, who were only
bound to fixed payments and duties in respect of their
lord, though, as it seems, without any legal redress if
injured by him. --Hallam.
[1913 Webster]

Syn: {Serf}, {Slave}.

Usage: A slave is the absolute property of his master, and
may be sold in any way. A serf, according to the
strict sense of the term, is one bound to work on a
certain estate, and thus attached to the soil, and
sold with it into the service of whoever purchases the
land.
[1913 Webster] Serfage

77 Moby Thesaurus words for "serf":
apple-polisher, ass-licker, backscratcher, backslapper, bondmaid,
bondman, bondslave, bondsman, bondswoman, bootlick, bootlicker,
brown-nose, brownie, captive, chattel, chattel slave, churl,
clawback, concubine, courtier, creature, cringer, debt slave,
dependent, dupe, fawner, feudatory, flatterer, flunky, follower,
footlicker, galley slave, groveler, handshaker, hanger-on, helot,
homager, inferior, instrument, jackal, kowtower, lackey,
led captain, lickspit, lickspittle, liege, liege man,
liege subject, mealymouth, minion, myrmidon, odalisque, peon,
puppet, retainer, servant, slave, spaniel, stooge, subject,
subordinate, suck, sycophant, theow, thrall, timeserver, toad,
toady, tool, truckler, tufthunter, underling, understrapper,
vassal, villein, yeoman, yes-man


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  • Rufus Wilmot Griswold - Wikipedia
    Rufus Wilmot Griswold (February 13, 1815 – August 27, 1857) was an American anthologist, editor, poet, and critic Born in Vermont, Griswold left home when he was 15 years old He worked as a journalist, editor, and critic in Philadelphia, New York City, and elsewhere
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    In August of 2014, we covered the scandal between Poe and Rufus Griswold, Poe’s defamer We went in depth into the situation and analyzed the happenstances leading up to Griswold’s scheme
  • Rufus Wilmot Griswold | 19th-century Poet, Anthologist Critic . . .
    Rufus Wilmot Griswold (born Feb 15, 1815, Benson, Vt , U S —died Aug 27, 1857, New York, N Y ) was an American journalist, critic, anthologist, and editor who worked with Edgar Allan Poe on Graham’s Magazine and succeeded him as assistant editor (1842–43)
  • Rufus Wilmot Griswold (1815–1857) - FamilySearch. org
    When Rufus Wilmot Griswold was born on 15 February 1815, in Rutland, Vermont, United States, his father, Rufus Griswold, was 41 and his mother, Deborah Wass, was 40
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    The relationship between Edgar Allan Poe and Rufus Wilmot Griswold (1815-1857) is complex and enigmatic, yet it is one of the essential keys to understanding Poe and his biographers
  • Griswold, Rufus W. (Rufus Wilmot), 1815-1857 | The Online Books Page
    Rufus Wilmot Griswold (February 13, 1815 – August 27, 1857) was an American anthologist, editor, poet, and critic Born in Vermont, Griswold left home when he was 15 years old He worked as a journalist, editor, and critic in Philadelphia, New York City, and elsewhere
  • Griswold, Rufus W. (1815–1857) - Whitman Archive
    Griswold had achieved fame as a literary anthologist (beginning with his 1842 compilation, The Poets and Poetry of America) and as Edgar Allan Poe's literary executor and biographer
  • RUFUS WILMOT GRISWOLD - JSTOR
    Rufus Griswold was of the ninth generation from George Griswold Two sons of George Griswold, Ed ward and Matthew, came to America in the year 1639, and settled at Windsor, Connecticut 2
  • Rufus Wilmot Griswold - New World Encyclopedia
    Rufus Wilmot Griswold (February 13, 1812 – August 27, 1857) was an American anthologist, editor, poet, and critic Born in Vermont, Griswold left home when he was 15 He worked as a journalist, editor, and critic in Philadelphia, New York City, and elsewhere





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